many texts fall outside those two groupings and are considered nonaligned.19 Eugene Ulrich has focused on the appearance of parallel editions of some books, emphasizing that in Second Temple Judaism, it was the book, rather than its specific textual form, that was considered sacred.20 Whichever theory of textual development one embraces, it becomes clear from studying the manuscripts of the various sacred books recovered from the Judaean desert that by the late Second Temple period their textual